Ka Hana ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana (1)

ʻO ke koho ʻana o ke kala a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole, nā kikoʻī a me nā koi huahana o ka lole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i mua o ka mālama ʻana,kalaig, paʻi, hoʻopau hope a pēlā aku.

Lapaʻau mua

Loaʻa i nā fibers kūlohelohe nā mea haumia, i ke kaʻina hana textile a hoʻohui i ka slurry, ka aila a me ka lepo i hoʻohaumia ʻia, ka noho ʻana o kēia mau haumia, ʻaʻole wale ke keʻakeʻa i ka holomua maikaʻi o ke kala a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana, akā pili pū i ka hana o ka lole.

ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana kemika a me ke kino e wehe i nā haumia ma ka lole, e hana i ka lole keʻokeʻo, palupalu, a loaʻa ka permeability maikaʻi e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka lawe ʻana, a hāʻawi i nā semi-huahana kūpono no ke kala, paʻi a hoʻopau.

pulupulu: hoʻomākaukau lole maka, hīmeni, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, paila, bleaching, mercerizing. Polyester: hoʻomākaukau lole, hoʻomaʻemaʻe (wai alkali, etc.), preshrinking, reservation, alkali deweighting (liquid alkali, etc.).

Oli ana

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka hale paʻi a hoʻoluʻu mai ka hale wili lole, pono e nānā mua ʻia ka lole hina, hoʻohuli ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia, paʻi a humuhumu, a laila mele.

Nā kumu:

(1) ma ka lole ʻaʻole e kani nui, ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi;

(2) ʻilihune ka pae o ka hoʻopau ʻana, maʻalahi ka haumia;

(3) i ke kaʻina zhongyi huluhulu kala a me ka hoʻopau ʻana, paʻi a me nā hemahema.

Pahuhopu hīmeni:

(1) hoʻomaikaʻi i ka luster lole; E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pau ʻana;

(2) hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa pilling (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lole fiber kemikal);

(3) hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano, hiki i ke mele ʻana ke hana i ka lole e lilo i mea ʻala, he iwi.

Desizing

I ke kaʻina hana ulana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāʻī a me ka friction, kahi maʻalahi e haki. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka haki ʻana o ka warp, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ulana ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka lole hina, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻili ma mua o ka ulana ʻana. Hoʻopili ka fiber i loko o ke kaula a paʻa pū, a hana i kahi kiʻi slurry paʻa ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻili, e hoʻopaʻa a paʻa i ke kaula, pēlā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ikaika haʻihaʻi a hoʻopaʻa i ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻili.

Ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana: Ma hope o ka nui ʻana, komo ka slurry i loko o nā fibers a hoʻopili ʻia kekahi hapa i ka ʻili o ka warp. ʻOiai e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka hana o ka yarn, hoʻohaumia ka slurry i ka wai kala a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wai hoʻoponopono, keʻakeʻa i ka hoʻopili kemika ma waena o nā fibers a me ke kala a me nā mea kemika, a paʻakikī i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kala a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana.

(1) Hoʻolauna i ka slurry maʻamau

ʻO ka slurry kūlohelohe: starch, limu limu, gum, etc.

Nā waiwai starch:

① i ka hihia o ka waika decomposition;

② i ka hihia o ka paʻa alkali, pehu;

③ i ka hihia o nā oxidants hiki ke decomposed;

④ e ka starch decomposition enzyme decomposition.

ʻO ka slurry kemika: nā derivatives cellulose e like me hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyester, etc.

Nā waiwai PVA:

① paʻa i ka waikawa a me ka base, ʻaʻole e emi ka viscosity;

② Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e ka oxidant.;

③ Hoʻohana ākea, kūpono maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe hopena hui ʻana

(2) Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻano desizing

1. Hoʻopau ʻia ka alkaline

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano hana hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea kanu kala hale, akā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka helu desizing, a hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i ka wā desizing.

Mechanism: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium hydroxide dilute solution treatment, starch slurry ma lalo o ka hana o ka pehu alkali (a i ʻole swelling) hanana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hopena kemika, no laila ka slurry mai ka gel a hiki i ka sol, e hoʻemi i ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka fiber a me ka slurry, a laila hoʻohana i ka holoi a me ka ikaika mechanical e wehe ai. No ka PVA a me ka polyacrylate slurries, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka sodium hydroxide i nā hopena dilute.

(starch) enzyme desizing

Kapa ʻia nā enzymes he enzymes, biocatalysts.

Nā hiʻohiʻona: kiʻekiʻe desizing rate, ʻaʻole hōʻeha i ka fiber, no ka starch wale nō, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe i nā haumia.

Nā hiʻohiʻona: a. ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe. b. Mea kiko'ī: Hiki i ka enzyme ke hoʻopololei i hoʻokahi wale nō pane a i ʻole kekahi pane kikoʻī. c. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana e ka mahana a me ka waiwai PH.

No nā slurries starch a i ʻole nā ​​slurries hui pū ʻia (starch content is dominant), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka amylase no ka hoʻoholo ʻana.

ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻakika

ʻAʻole nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home, no ka mea maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana e hōʻino i ka fiber, hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hana ʻelua: alkali desizing - acid desizing. Hiki i ka waiʻona desizing ke hana i ka starch hydrolyze, wehe i ka paʻakai mineral a pēlā aku, a hana i kekahi i kekahi.

ʻO ka hoʻomake ʻana

Mea hoʻokahe: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, etc.

Kumu: Hiki i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ke hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā ʻano slurry āpau, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kona kaumaha molecular a me ka viscosity, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka solubility o ka wai, a ua pale ʻia ka slurry mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka fiber, a laila wehe ʻia ka hydrolyzate e ka holoi pono.

(1) Ka paila

ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia fiber a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano hana o ka lole, ʻoi aku ka wettability.

ʻO nā mea haumia kūlohelohe: No nā lole pulupulu maʻemaʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā hui hui fiber a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ola e pili ana, me ka ʻaila wax, pectin, protein, lehu, puaʻa a me nā pūpū pulupulu.

ʻO nā mea haumia hana: nā mea haumia e like me ka aila, antistatic agent a me ka ʻaila, ka ʻōpala a me ke koena slurry i hoʻohui ʻia i ka wili a me ka ulana ʻana.

Hoʻopilikia koʻikoʻi kēia mau mea haumia i ka pulu o ka lole a keʻakeʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka lole, a pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana wili me ka sodium hydroxide ma ke ʻano he mea nui a me nā surfactants ma ke ʻano he kōkua.

(2) Hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea ʻino ma kalole lolewehe ʻia, akā no nā lole bleached a me nā kala ʻulaʻula, koi ʻia ka bleaching. ʻO ia ka wehe ʻana i ka puaʻa, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka keʻokeʻo e like me ke kumu nui o ka hana bleaching.

ʻAʻole loaʻa ka puaʻa i loko o ka fiber kemika, ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana i keʻokeʻo loa, a ʻo ka pulupulu pulupulu ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka puaʻa e mau ana, ʻilihune ka keʻokeʻo, no laila ʻo ka bleaching ka mea nui no nā haumia kūlohelohe ma ka pulupulu pulupulu.

(3) Bleach

ʻAno oxidation: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide a me ka sodium chlorite, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka pulupulu a me nā lole i hui ʻia.

Hoʻemi ʻia: NaHSO3 a me ka pauka ʻinikua, etc., hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā lole fiber protein.

(4) ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka sodium hypochlorite:

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka bleaching sodium hypochlorite no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lole pulupulu a me nā lole i hui ʻia i ka pulupulu, a i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia no ka holoi ʻana i nā lole pulupulu polyester i hui ʻia. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā fiber protein e like me ke kilika a me ka hulu hipa, no ka mea, he hopena ʻino ka sodium hypochlorite i nā fiber protein, a hana i nā pulupulu melemele a me ka pōʻino. I ke kaʻina hana bleaching, ma waho aʻe o ka luku ʻana i nā puaʻa maoli, hiki ke hōʻino ʻia ka pulupulu pulupulu ponoʻī, no laila, pono e hoʻomalu i nā kūlana bleaching, i kūpono ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me ka maikaʻi o loko.

He mea maʻalahi ka hana ʻana o ka sodium hypochlorite, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana o ka sodium hypochlorite bleaching, akā no ka mea ʻino ka sodium hypochlorite bleaching no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, no laila ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia e ka hydrogen peroxide.

(5) H2O2 hoʻomaʻemaʻe hydrogen peroxide:

ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he hydrogen peroxide, loaʻa ka molecular formula H2O2. Kapa ʻia ka bleaching hydrogen peroxide he oxygen bleaching. He ʻilihune loa ka paʻa o ka solution hydrogen peroxide ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ka hydrogen peroxide pāʻoihana he ʻawaʻawa nāwaliwali.

ʻO ka lole i bleached me ka hydrogen peroxide he keʻokeʻo maikaʻi, he kala maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke melemele ke mālama ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ia i ka lole pulupulu bleaching. Oxygen bleaching i oi adaptability ma mua o chlorine bleaching, akā, hydrogen peroxide ua oi aku mamua o sodium hypochlorite kumu kuai, a me ka oxygen bleaching pono kuhiliʻole kila lako, ikehu ka nui, ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o chlorine bleaching.

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana hou ʻia ke ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa mahu ākea ākea i ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana. He kiʻekiʻe kēia ʻano o ka hoʻomau ʻana, automation a me ka hana ʻana i ka hana, ka maʻalahi o ke kaʻina hana a ʻaʻole hoʻohua i ka pollution kaiapuni.

5. Mercerized (ka lole pulupulu)

Textiles ma lalo o kekahi moku'āina o ka tension, me ke kōkua o concentrated caustic soda, a malama i ka makemake nui, hiki ke loaa i ka silky luster, keia kaʻina i kapaia mercerization.

(1) Ke kumu o ka mercerization:

A. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻili a me ka manaʻo o ka lole, ma muli o ka pehu ʻana o ka fiber, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka fiber, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka mālamalama, pēlā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka nani.
B.E hoʻonui i ka helu o ka dyeing kala ma hope o mercerizing hoʻopau, fiber zone emi, amorphous wahi mahuahua, a dyes ua oi paha e komo i ka pulupulu, kala kala ma mua o mercerized pulupulu pulupulu mahuahua e 20%, a me ka brilliance i hoʻomaikaʻi, i ka manawa like e hoʻonui i ka make mua uhi mana.
C. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa dimensional mercerizing ua hoʻopau i ka hopena hoʻolālā, hiki ke hoʻopau i nā wrinkles kaula, ʻoi aku ka hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ke kala a me ka paʻi ʻana i nā huahana hapalua a me ka hapa. ʻO ka mea nui ma hope o ka mercerizing, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa o ka deformation hoʻonui lole, no laila e hōʻemi nui ai i ka shrinkage rate o ka lole.

6. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻoemi mua (ka lole fiber kemikal)

ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka pre-shrinking ka mea nui e wehe i ka aila, slurry a me ka lepo adsorbated ma ka lole (fiber) i ka wā o ka ulana ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana, a i ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kekahi oligomers ma ka fiber i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wela kiʻekiʻe. Pono e hoʻemi mua ʻia ka lole hina ma mua o ka nui o ka alkali, a e hoʻohui nui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui e like me ka olein a me ka soda caustic. Hana ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana o ka lole fiber kemika i ka mīkini hoʻoluʻu kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe.

7. Ka ho'ēmi 'alkali (ka lole fiber kemikala)

(1) Ke kumu a me ka hopena o ka ho'ēmi alkali

ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻohaʻahaʻa alkali ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka lole polyester i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka lye puhi. Hoʻopili ʻia ka fiber polyester a wāwahi ʻia e ka ester bond o ka polyester molecular chain ma ka ʻili o ka fiber i ka sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a hoʻomau mau ʻia nā huahana hydrolysis me nā degere polymerization ʻē aʻe, a laila hoʻokumu ʻia ka sodium terephthalate a me ka ethylene glycol. ʻO nā mea hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa alkali ka nui o ka mīkini hoʻoluʻu overflow, ka mīkini hoʻemi mau, ka mīkini hoʻohaʻahaʻa manawaleʻa ʻekolu ʻano, koe wale ka mīkini hoʻoluʻu overflow; Hiki i nā mīkini ho'ēmi hoʻomau a me ka wā lōʻihi ke hana hou i ke koena lye. I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka paʻa o ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me ka nui o ka lole hina no kekahi mau huahana hoʻemi alkali, pono ia e hoʻohui i kahi kaʻina i koho mua ʻia, a laila e komo i ke kaʻina hana.